Lymphogranuloma venereum (lymphogranuloma inguinale) occurs chiefly in tropical countries. The disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted through sexual contact.

Symptoms and signs

The first sign is the formation of small blisters or ulcers at the site of entry of the bacteria (genitals, throat after oral sex, rectum after anal sex). These are not painful and are often overlooked. After 3 to 4 weeks the lymph nodes in the groin become tender and enlarged, progressing to extensive, purulent masses that adhere to the underlying tissues and the overlying skin. Breakdown of these abscesses can lead to formation of sinuses which take a long time to heal.

General symptoms are fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headaches and skin manifestations.

Obstruction of the lymphatic channels can lead to chronic congestion and swelling in the region of the genitals, urethra and rectum which can result in urethral and rectal strictures.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made by detection of antibodies in a blood sample.

Prevention and treatment

The best protection against lymphogranuloma venereum is safer sex.

Treatment is usually with antibiotics. In patients with severe lymph node enlargement and edema surgery may be necessary. The disease can be cured if treatment is started early enough.

Sexual partners should always be treated as well in order to prevent late complications and spread of the infection.