Surgery used to bring about infertility in a woman is called sterilization.

It is done by obstructing the natural route taken by the egg from the ovary to the uterus. In a laparoscopic procedure both fallopian tubes are blocked. This is done either by application of a plastic clip or by sealing with heat (thermocoagulation). Often the sections of the fallopian tubes in which fertilization takes place are removed (excision). The procedure is usually performed under a general anesthetic. Sterilization can be performed as an outpatient procedure but to ensure better postoperative care a short hospital stay is recommended.

Sterilization does not influence the function of the ovaries or the production of sex hormones. The menstrual cycle and libido (sexual desire) are therefore unaffected.

Contraceptive efficacy of sterilization

Sterilization is a very effective method of contraception.
Mature eggs can no longer enter the uterus.

Advantages of sterilization

Sterilization is an effective method of contraception for women who have completed their families or who do not wish to have children. It relieves women of the worry of becoming pregnant inadvertently.

Disadvantages of sterilization

Sterilization is a surgical procedure. Complications are very rare but your doctor will inform you of possible risks. These include injury of the ligaments which supply the uterus and the fallopian tubes with blood. This can lead to malnutrition of the ovaries so that hormone production decreases and menopause begins prematurely. Menstrual abnormalities can also occur.

Sterilization can rarely be reversed. The decision to undergo sterilization therefore requires very careful consideration. Doctors recommend that women without children should not have themselves sterilized before the age of 35.

In some women the infertility resulting from the procedure is a source of emotional distress. It is therefore important to take enough time before making the final decision.