The chemical contraceptives used today come in the form of foam, foaming tablets, pessaries, creams, jellies and sponges.

They contain substances, e.g. nonoxinol-9, that kill the sperm (spermicide). Some products also form a thick foam or mucus which blocks the cervix and acts as a barrier against the sperm.

Chemical contraceptives are often used incorrectly. They must be introduced deep into the vagina with the woman lying on her back otherwise there is a danger that they will run out of the vagina. The spermicide is only effective long enough to have intercourse once. If you have intercourse again you must introduce more spermicide.

Effectiveness of chemical contraceptives

Chemical contraceptives alone are only moderately effective. They should therefore be used in combination with a diaphragm or cervical cap.

The spermicide-impregnated sponge is considered the most reliable form of chemical contraceptive. It is placed in front of the cervix where it acts as additional barrier and absorbs the sperm. The sponge must be left in place for 6 to 8 hours after intercourse.

Advantages of chemical contraceptives

Chemical contraceptives are suitable alternatives for women who cannot or do not wish to use hormonal contraceptives.

They are suitable for women who only have intercourse now and again and therefore do not want to use any regular form of contraception.

Disadvantages and side-effects of chemical contraceptives

Chemical substances do not become effective until about 5 to 15 minutes after application. The necessary waiting reduces spontaneity.

Some women are uncomfortable about the necessary handling of the genitals shortly before intercourse.

The chemicals can cause irritation of the genitalia leading to unpleasant burning or itching.

Most chemical agents smell and taste unpleasant and therefore interfere with oral sex.